“A humanistic approach to education and development is the common thread that weaves together the diversity of contributions into a rich tapestry on learning. The approach is grounded in a vision of development that is economically inclusive, socially just and environmentally sustainable. A vision that acknowledges the diversity of knowledge systems, worldviews and conceptions of well-being, while reaffirming a common core of universally shared values. It is a vision that promotes an integrated approach to learning, acknowledging the multiple personal, social, civic and economic purposes of education…” Stefania Giannini
Humanistic futures of learning. Perspectives from UNESCO Chairs and UNITWIN Networks. Published in 2020 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France. © UNESCO 2020. ISBN 978-92-3-100369-1. This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). (p. 75-77)
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Toward a vision for arts education
Lawrence O’Farrell and Benjamin Bolden. UNESCO Chair in Arts and Learning, Queen’s University, Canada.
The authors argue that arts education has the potential to make a substantial contribution to the lives of learners as a means to communicate, heal, construct culture and build community, irrespective of the context and the new technologies that may emerge.
UNESCO and advocates around the world have long called for universal access to quality arts and learning experiences for children, youth and lifelong learners, citing a range of personal, social and academic benefits to learners, the environments in which they learn and the communities in which they live. Such advocacy continues to be imperative within existing educational structures and under the economic conditions that sustain the status quo. At the same time, the world in which we live and the channels through which we learn are changing radically and irreversibly.
The era in which teaching and learning could be confined to a prescribed and linear curriculum delivered within a closed system is approaching the point of irrelevance. Such a curriculum can no longer adequately reflect the diversity of student experiences nor the overwhelming impact of proliferating technologies. Thus, educators must prepare for a future in which the arts will inevitably play a key role within a technology-enabled educational process that will take shape under uncertain economic, societal and environmental conditions. At the same time, the field of arts education will need to look beyond merely advocating for itself to intentionally and thoughtfully re-conceptualizing its goals and methods in ways that will realize its full potential.
Shifting education goals in a world defined by rampant technological innovation
If our planet continues to warm at the current rate, governments will be confronted with unprecedented levels of mass migration and accompanying civil unrest. As automation and artificial intelligence continue to supplant human labour, young people are likely to be left to build personal and social identities in the absence of sufficient permanent or reliable employment. Further, as digital technologies increasingly dominate the ways in which people live their daily lives, the relevance of our current, industrial model of schooling will continue to diminish.
Not all aspects of technological progress foretell a bleak future. On the bright side, we can look forward to positive developments in medicine, communications, travel and other aspects of human life. Knowledge in every field of scientific study will expand and deepen. Isolated communities will gain access to amenities that are currently available only in urban areas. The potential for intercultural exchange and appreciation will be facilitated by improvements to communications and sustainable means of transportation. Nevertheless, even these advances will bring fresh challenges. As human life expectancy increases, so will demands on geriatric services. As machine learning continues to assist in medical diagnosis, public safety and fraud detection, so will it increasingly challenge concepts of privacy and human agency. For some, the advantages of technologically-mediated living will be compromised by increased social isolation, cyber-bullying and the digital facilitation of socially destructive activities.
Taken together, these changes will be powerfully disruptive. The status quo will not endure. Educators at all levels and in all contexts must ramp up efforts to develop new ways to provide learners of the future with the knowledge, skills and resilience they will need to succeed in whatever conditions they find themselves. Given the opportunity, arts education could make a substantial contribution to the lives of these learners not only as a source of personal satisfaction but as a means to communicate, heal, construct culture and build community in whatever context and using whatever technologies may emerge.
A place for the arts as outlined by the Seoul Agenda
Arts educators already have at their disposal a universally recognized plan of action, one that identifies priorities for the sector and offers a range of strategies to achieve these objectives. The Seoul Agenda: Goals for the development of arts education was unanimously endorsed by the General Conference of UNESCO in 2011. The Agenda outlines specific action items designed to achieve three overriding goals: 1) ensuring universal access to arts education; 2) ensuring high quality in arts education programmes; and 3) applying arts education to help solve serious social and cultural problems facing the world. Given its comprehensiveness and global acceptance, the Seoul Agenda provides an excellent foundation on which to build a vision of arts and learning for the future.
While recognizing that arts education must achieve its objectives within the context of a rapidly changing world, the Seoul Agenda is by no means intended as a futuristic projection. Rather, it assumes a level of stability within educational and social structures, offering concrete actions whereby arts educators can make a contribution to issues of access, quality and relevance within those structures. A vision of arts and learning for the future will need to address these same issues – not from the perspective of how they may be made manifest in the schools and community initiatives of today, but rather with a view to pursuing these intentions in a world that will be vastly different from our current reality. In developing such a vision, stakeholders will need to ask how arts education can make a difference in a world that may be untethered from the institutions and practices that anchor our current understanding.
Some salient questions to consider and guide the stakeholders of today as they envision the status and role of arts education a full generation into the future include:
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- In twenty years, how will arts education be accessed?
- In twenty years, what will quality in arts education look like?
- In twenty years, how will arts education be applied to resolving social and cultural challenges facing the world?
- In twenty years, what will be the role of the arts educator?
The arts hold the key to adapting to an unforeseen future
In charting a route through these untested waters, it will be useful to review the ways in which forward-thinking countries, districts and organizations have introduced innovations that suggest a progressive route for arts education. We will need to see how they have stretched the perception of education to embrace digital and out-of-classroom experiences along with lifelong learning. We will be interested to study the impact of individualized, holistic and cross-disciplinary learning. It will be important to seek out examples of increasingly interactive, student-directed and intergenerational pedagogies. Equally important will be to discern how learning in the arts can contribute to sustainability goals related to physical and mental health and well-being; social justice and reconciliation; intercultural understanding; social cohesion; democracy; and conflict resolution. Moreover, we should look for ways in which arts education can contribute to the articulation of a humanistic world view – one that will reflect our changing context and bring the clarity and conviction needed to validate newly constructed identities and to guide the ethical behaviour of citizens of the future.
The conviction that arts and learning must inevitably play a central role in any future educational paradigm derives from evidence that the roots of artistic practice stretch deep into human evolutionary prehistory – as illustrated by discoveries of flute fragments in Neanderthal settlements dating from 43,000 years in the past. We are, in an essential way, an artistic species. For millions of years, we have communicated and learned through the arts. We have turned to the arts as a way of ritualizing and thereby mythologizing human experiences. Also, through the arts, we have explored our deepest humanity and our highest spiritual aspirations. A world without the arts would be a world without humanity.
While specific examples of artistic practice clearly reflect the cultural and economic conditions in which they are created, it is equally true that the arts have the capacity to adjust to changing circumstances; to speak to future generations under previously unimagined circumstances; to serve as a model of interactive, learner-directed pedagogy; to promote a deep and lasting development of social and emotional skills; to enhance learners’ well-being; and to foster the kind of creative capacity needed by all those who will be coping with issues and opportunities that cannot yet be foreseen.
Note from the authors:
The authors would like to thank the Board of Directors of the Canadian Network for Arts and Learning for undertaking steps to follow the principles outlined here, in collaboration with partners across Canada and around the world, with the objective of constructing a vision of how the arts may contribute to education in an unknown but imminent future.
